The Flag of the Republic of the Sudan:

The flag of the country comprises three rectangulars of Red, white and black colours, form above to downward. The part of the flag near the mast comprises a triangle of green colour, of a height that equals one-third the total height of the flag.

The meanings of the colours of the flag are as follows:

• The red colour symbolizes the struggle and martyrs.
• The white colour symbolizes peace, Islam and optimism.
• The black colour symbolizes the Mahdist Revolution that founded the modern Sudan and adopted the black flag as its symbol.
• The green colour symbolizes abundance, welfare and agriculture.

 

The Emblem of the Republic:

The emblem of the Republic of the Sudan is the Secretary Bird in a state of stillness with its wings stretched. There is a frame linking the wings in which the words "Victory is for Us" are written. There is also an arched frame at the base in which the words "The Republic of the Sudan" are written.

The emblem was first adopted during the government of former President Jaffar Mohammed Nimeiri (1969-1985), replacing the previous emblem, which was the rhinoceros. The Secretary Bird is known for its might, ability to fly at great heights and powerful sight. It can run for long distances.

Secretary Bird is found in the Sudan in the areas of Kordofan and Darfur as well as the Blue Nile area and the dry areas of the southern part of the country .

The emblem symbolizes might , sacrifice and dignity,characteristics that represent the Sudanese people.

Geography and History of the Sudan

Sudan is the largest country in Africa. Covering an area of a million square miles , it extends from the desert in the north to almost the equatorial belt in the south , and bordered by the red sea coast in the east , its western borders over-look the center of the continent . For this strategic location it occupies, Sudan is endowed with great climatic and cultural diversity. Throughout many historical periods, Sudan had served as a bridge linking Asia, Africa and a number of Mediterranean countries. The Sudan of today is but the outcome of the historical role it had earlier been playing whose effect is obvious in the population texture. It is composed of more than a hundred different human groupings of different racial and cultural origins. Major factors that contributed to this diversified texture are: first, the Arab-Muslim influence and, second, the African current coming from the of the continent. However, Sudan received and continued to receive people from all parts of the globe, thus becoming melting pot for different races and cultures and, simultaneously, a passage for thought and religions between Africa and the outer world since early times. Early Arab travelers and Muslim historians highlighted aspects of Sudan life in their writings where names like Nubia, Sudan and Abyssinea were mentioned. This unique status it enjoys, made of Sudan the richest country in Africa as regards archeological heritage with many antiquities having been discovered. During the first quarter of the 19th century, more precisely in 1821, when forces of Khedive Mohammed Ali Pasha entered Sudan, European attention was attracted to the study of Sudan history. Travelers and researchers then started visiting Sudan and some wrote and documented their observations of sites and personal history of some prominent figures.